Various nanocrystalline derivatives of diamond such as one-dimensional nanorods (1-D), two-dimensional nanoplates (2-D) have already been fabricated. Ultranano crystalline diamond (UNCD) is a new special class of nandiamond that has a length of only few nanometer. The immediate future of ultranano crystalline diamond (UNCD) particles seems to be promising. The utilization of UNCD will be an interesting subject and will open many new areas of nanotechnology.

Ultranano crystalline diamond (UNCD) particles were conventionally produced by detonation of carbon explosive materials. In the recent past UNCD film has been produced by chemical vapor deposition techniques. These UNCD particles and film possesses unique properties and therefore are used for various applications. Although UNCD particles are commercially available since 1970s, the UNCD film is yet to be commercialized, however this is very close to commercialization. Some other technology such as chlorination of carbides, ion irradiations of graphite have also been explored for producing UNCD films.

These nanodiamond particles have diverse in structure and nanodiamond particles have a history for applications. These particles were used by former USSR in sixties and seventies for galvanic coatings. UNCD are in use in traditional areas such as polymer composites and polishing compounds. It is really difficult to produce UNCD in pure form. Some of the incombustible impurities such as metals, nonmetals, oxides are located in the inter particle areas.

Different nanoforms of carbon such as fullerenes, nanodiamonds or nanotubes have medical and biological applications. Due to superior mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of UNCD, the ultranano crystalline diamonds is most suitable for future biochip and biosensor applications. Nanocrystalline diamond coatings are also promising for certain medical implants such as cardio vascular surgery or coating of certain components of artificial heart valves.